Latin American immigrants in urban nature: Exploring mental health and belonging through walking interviews

Urbanization is linked to mental health challenges, while urban nature is increasingly recognized for its restorative benefits. Yet, access to these benefits remains unequal. Latin American (LA) immigrants—a small but growing population in Canadian cities—may face distinct barriers to engaging with natural spaces, despite often relying on public resources for mental health and belonging. This study explores how urban nature contributes to well-being among LA immigrants in Vancouver, Canada. We conducted 30 semi-structured walking interviews in summer 2024 with participants who had lived in the city for one to ten years. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we examined how interactions with urban nature related to mental health and belonging, and the barriers that shaped these experiences. Nature supported mental health through five pathways: intrinsic qualities, meaningful activities, mindful engagement, personal reflection, and contrast with urban life. Belonging was fostered through engagement, cultural adaptation, and new traditions. However, structural and cultural barriers—including unfamiliar weather, limited prior nature experience, and exclusionary norms—restricted access and reduced benefits. Participants emphasized contemplative, reflective experiences over physical activity or socializing. Urban nature emerged as a space of negotiation where participants actively “tamed” unfamiliar environments to build connection and meaning—highlighting the need for inclusive, culturally responsive nature spaces.