Environmental justice

What is equitable urban forest governance? A systematic literature review

Urban forest governance comprises the formal and informal rules, institutions, and processes that influence collective decision-making in urban forest management. As such, it shapes key processes and outcomes that are implicated in urban environmental justice, including whose priorities and values are reflected in urban forest management and how and where urban trees are distributed. However, […]

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Equity, travel, and park visitation in 10 US metro areas: A smartphone mobility study

Urban planners and urban forestry researchers use various methods to evaluate how well different populations access the benefits of parks, often by assessing park distribution in relation to the social and economic conditions of surrounding neighbourhoods. However, without precise visitation data, it remains unclear whether proximity to parks translates into actual use. This study analyses

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How common is greening in gentrifying areas?

Green gentrification occurs when urban greening/sustainability interventions become implicated in neighbourhood upgrading and displacement of existing residents. However, current emphasis on urban sustainability in planning/policy agendas, coupled with political-economic factors producing uneven development, lead us to ask whether all gentrifying areas experience greening. Our descriptive analysis identified gentrifying areas in Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto (Canada),

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Different names for the same thing? A systematic review of green, environmental, eco-, ecological, climate, carbon, and resilience gentrification

A plethora of terms have emerged connecting various sustainability and climate-resilience initiatives to gentrification: green, environmental, eco-, ecological, climate, carbon and resilience gentrification. We conducted a systematic literature review of these seven terms to identify how they have been defined and applied over time. We discuss the importance of considering the nuance each term has

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Greening the gentrification process: Insights and engagements from practitioners

Green gentrification implicates urban greening as a driver of neighbourhood ‘upgrading’ and subsequent displacement. However, it is unclear whether the concept resonates with, or supports the work of, those responsible for much of the greening occurring in cities – urban green planners/practitioners. We interviewed 33 planners/practitioners in Canada to refine our understanding of the relationships

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A Comparison of Value-Weight-Elicitation Methods for Accurate and Accessible Participatory Planning

This research analyzed six value-weight-elicitation techniques that are commonly used in participatory planning. It compared the techniques via measures of accuracy (within-subjects user-derived assessments and quantitative weight comparisons) and accessibility (time to complete, difficulty, and “boringness”). Visual sliders performed best across assessments. Pairwise comparison, visual sliders, and swing weighting were the most accurate, while visual

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Advancing green space equity via policy change: A scoping review and research agenda

Urban green spaces – including parks, trees, and other vegetated areas – are inequitably distributed in cities worldwide, as underserved groups, such as low-income and people of color, have significantly lower provisions of such resources. Motivated by the health benefits of green spaces, advocates and policymakers in several countries have sought to ameliorate these systemic

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Greening practitioners worry about green gentrification but many don’t address it in their work

As cities attempt to ameliorate urban green inequities, a potential challenge has emerged in the form of green gentrification. Although practitioners are central to urban greening and associated gentrification, there has yet to be an exploration of practitioner perspectives on the phenomenon. We fill this gap with an online survey of 51 urban greening practitioners

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Invited Perspective: Nature Is Unfairly Distributed in the United States—But That’s Only Part of the Global Green Equity Story

As we experience increased impacts of climate change and urbanization, the many benefits to health and well-being provided by green and blue spaces are becoming more important, and research has shown these health benefits to be particularly strong for lower-income populations. Given these benefits, we have seen increased societal concern about the inequitable distribution of

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Wealthy, educated, and… non-millennial? Variable patterns of distributional inequity in 31 Canadian cities

This article assesses the distribution of urban vegetation in 31 Canadian cities to determine whether certain social-economic/demographic factors are associated with increased proximity to greenness. Using spatial lag models, Canadian census data, and urban ‘greenness fractions’ derived from Landsat imagery, we find diversity between cities in the factors associated with increased urban vegetation. This makes

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